Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-18/1/i/solution

Use the reverse absorption order on the incline:
This is exactly the relation given by the pairs . Indeed, if and , then by additive idempotence, associativity and commutativity. Conversely expresses as , so is one of these pairs.
Additive idempotence gives , hence reflexivity. If and , then
so the relation is transitive. In fact it is antisymmetric as well: and , together with commutativity, imply . Thus the relation is a partial order, and therefore a quasi-order. It is the reverse of the usual join order of an incline; keeping this reversal is essential for the well-quasi-ordering conclusion.
Both operations are order-preserving for this order. If , then by additive idempotence, while distributivity gives . The multiplicative absorption identity also says
Thus multiplying a monomial by another factor moves upward in the reverse absorption order.

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