Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-18/1/ii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 18 1 ii Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Suppose the incline is generated by . Repeated distributivity, followed by commutativity and additive idempotence, expresses every element as a finite nonempty sumNo multiplicative identity is assumed: a zero exponent means that the corresponding generator is omitted, and every displayed monomial has at least one factor. Different supports may represent the same element; uniqueness is unnecessary.
Associate to its upward-closed exponent setIf , each monomial of is either equal to, or a multiplicative extension of, a monomial of . It is absorbed by that earlier monomial, and hence by the full sum . Adding the terms of one at a time givesFor equal exponent vectors the first absorption is additive idempotence; for strictly larger vectors it is the incline's multiplicative absorption. Thus the issue is to prove that exponent upsets are well-quasi-ordered by reverse inclusion, not merely to apply Dickson's lemma to individual exponents.
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