Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2001/iii/paper-66/1/b/solution

The common Neumann boundary conditions define a -dimensional timelike worldvolume: one time direction and spatial directions. The remaining Dirichlet boundary conditions fix its transverse position. An open string therefore ends on a D-brane of spatial dimension , a D-brane. For the critical bosonic string theory there are transverse directions.
If the Dirichlet constants agree at the two endpoints, both ends lie on the same planar D-brane. If they differ, the string stretches between two parallel D-branes with the same orientation but different positions. Neumann directions are tangent to the brane; Dirichlet directions are transverse to it. The brane is dynamical: tangential massless open-string polarizations supply a gauge field, while transverse ones describe its displacement, as in worldvolume fields from open-string massless states. The unprojected bosonic brane also has a tachyon; the boundary-condition interpretation does not make that ground state supersymmetrically stable.

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