Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2002/iii/paper-45/3/b/solution

For a uniform sphere of radius , write and . The self-gravitational potential energy is assembled by adding shells:
The cosmological constant produces the external potential per unit mass , since in units . Its energy is
There is no additional factor for this fixed external potential, unlike the pair-counting factor for gravitational self-energy. At the maximum radius , the kinetic energy vanishes, so
This is the turnaround energy in uniform-sphere collapse with a cosmological constant. The original PDF's shell kinetic term is , not the produced by the TeX transcription.

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