Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2002/iii/paper-71/3/a/solution

Separate conservation of a fluid with fixed gives , hence . The component therefore has . Flatness today fixes its normalization to , so
This is a coasting fluid: its contribution to is zero, so it does not itself drive accelerated expansion. Its background Friedmann contribution resembles curvature, although the actual spatial geometry remains flat.

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