Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2003/iii/paper-29/6/a/solution

Interpret the comparison at on ; values at an infinite stopping time are not required. The stopping time events make adapted, and gives integrability. On the next value is . On it is unless , and on that latter event switching only decreases the value. Consequently the pointwise inequality
holds even though need not be known at time . Both indicators displayed here are -measurable. Taking conditional expectations and using the two supermartingale inequalities therefore gives
Thus This proves pasting supermartingales with downward jumps without incorrectly treating the future switching event as predictable.

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