Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2005/ii/paper-2/16f/i/solution

This assertion is always true. Synthetically, either bracketing places three disjoint blocks of order types in that order. The identity on these blocks is an order isomorphism, so both sums have the same order type. This proves associativity of ordinal addition for successor and limit ordinals alike.

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