Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2006/ia/paper-5/11/iii/solution

The preceding proofs show that this inclusion forces both symmetry and transitivity of ; its reflexivity already follows from that of . It actually forces equality of the composites, not just a one-way inclusion:
This is the composition of commuting equivalence relations criterion. It remains to establish the asserted smallest-extension characterization, rather than merely to identify an equivalence relation.

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