Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2007/iii/paper-2/3/c/solution

With the right-comodule braiding convention in part (a), the defining formula is
Consequently the scalar form on generators is the following table, with row the first argument and column the second:
For example, the extra component of is . The other off-diagonal component gives .
For arbitrary elements of the FRT bialgebra, extend this table by bilinearity, the unit rule , and
These are an explicit recursive algorithm for any two words in the generators, so the table determines the entire cobraiding. The braid equation for ensures the algorithm annihilates the defining coefficient relations in either argument: moving one crossing past two successive crossings gives precisely the two reductions of a quadratic colinearity relation. Thus it descends from the free algebra over a field to the FRT bialgebra. For the convolution inverse, use the inverse of , where flips the tensor factors: its coefficients are . Equivalently, in the flipped coefficient formula use , not alone. This gives , , , and all other generator values zero. This specifies the coquasitriangular structure completely, not just its values on degree-one elements.

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