Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2007/iii/paper-60/5/c/solution

Put , with the time argument suppressed. Since the incoming field commutes with the adapted cavity operators,
Applying the Gaussian quantum noise Ito table gives
The power series expansion consequently becomes, through Ito order ,
This has precisely the required quadratic drift correction. The short-time ordering is essential: the linear noise term is order and the drift is order ; higher stochastic orders are discarded in the differential limit. A remainder written merely as a power of is a formal coupling expansion, not a dimensionally complete statement of the short-time error.
As a sign check, and . Thus through this order. The cross term is needed for stochastic unitarity.

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