Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/ii/paper-1/17f/iii/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 ii Paper 1 17F iii Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Take a maximal matching in a graph with edges and let be its endpoints. Maximality makes its complement an independent set, since an edge wholly outside could be added. Every vertex outside therefore sends all its edges into , giving crossing edges. Every vertex in already uses at least one incident edge inside , its matched edge, so it sends at most outside. HenceThe maximum matching in a graph is at least this large. For , take any disjoint union of triangles. It is 2-regular, has vertices and matching number , since each triangle contributes exactly one edge. As varies this gives infinitely many equality examples.
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