Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-10/4/e/solution

Suppose the inverse norms did not tend to infinity. Some subsequence would satisfy . Since , for its large indices . Then
is invertible in by the Neumann series, contradicting the hypothesis. Hence , the inverse norm divergence at noninvertible boundary points property.
If were invertible in , then continuity of inversion in a Banach algebra would give in . Explicitly, the same factorization around gives a Neumann series and the bound , with the inverse norms locally bounded in . Since every belongs to the closed subalgebra , so would . That would make , again a contradiction. Therefore .

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