Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-43/3/1/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 43 3 1 Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Measure the statistical Hamiltonian in units of so that the weight is , and take , for convergence. Use the Fourier transform conventionThe last identity is the reality condition, so modes at and are not independent complex fields. Orthogonality of the Fourier exponentials gives , while a derivative multiplies a Fourier mode by . HenceThe kernel is positive for the stated parameters. Keeping an explicit inverse temperature instead would replace this kernel in the statistical weight by ; the following source convention absorbs that factor.
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