Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-5/3/i/solution

Since is normal in , it is normal in , and is a cyclic group. More specifically, quotienting by makes the image of central. The quotient is generated by this central image and the single element , and is therefore abelian. Hence
Thus is a powerful p-group. Merely saying that is cyclic would give only ; centralizing is the extra step needed here.

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