Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2010/ia/paper-1/2c/a/solution

The polar form of a complex number and the roots of unity give
since . Using the complex conjugate to compute the squared complex modulus,
The residue runs through every class modulo , already with . The cosine is even, so the nine angles give five distinct values, represented by . They are distinct because cosine is strictly decreasing on and these representative angles lie in that interval. Hence
Every listed value is attained by choosing and .

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