Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2010/ii/paper-2/11f/iii/solution

Fix with , and let be radial projection to the closed disc. The continuous map has a fixed point by the Brouwer fixed-point theorem. On the boundary, , so its image under is interior and cannot equal the boundary point . Therefore . An interior fixed point of this projection must satisfy , because points outside the disc project to its boundary. Thus . Every belongs to .

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