Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2010/iii/paper-51/1/c/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2010 iii Paper 51 1 c Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Yes: deterministic entanglement swapping gives the required singlet. Denote Bob's two local qubits by . Known local unitary operations first convert the two given spin singlet states into and . For example applying to the second qubit of a singlet gives , where are Pauli operators.
Use the binary-labelled Bell statesThey are for labels . Reordering registers to group Bob's qubits, direct expansion givesAll four basis vectors are real in this convention; otherwise the paired expansion must account for complex conjugation. Bob performs the Bell-basis measurement on . This joint operation is local to him, so it is allowed by LOCC. Each outcome occurs with probability and leaves in the corresponding Bell state.
Bob sends to Charlie. Charlie applies to obtain , and then to obtainThe correction works for every outcome, so no postselection or successful-outcome assumption is needed. This is entanglement swapping, equivalently teleportation of to while preserving its entanglement with . If Bob's measurement result is ignored, the average state is ; the protocol therefore does not supply entanglement usable without the classical outcome or violate the no-communication theorem.
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