Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2011/ii/paper-3/25k/iv/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2011 ii Paper 3 25K iv Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
Continue with . For each integer , let . These events decrease with , and their probabilities are at least by (iii). Continuity from above of a measure givesIt is important not to assume that this exact threshold event is automatically a tail event: a vanishing change of partial sums can affect infinitely many exact comparisons at the threshold. Instead useFor any fixed , subtracting shows that . Thus is measurable with respect to every tail sigma-algebra. The event has positive probability by the preceding bound, so Kolmogorov zero-one law makes its probability one. Intersecting over all positive integers givesFor any specified real , this conclusion implies infinitely many with , completing both requests. In the excluded zero-variance case the limsup is zero.
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