Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2012/iii/paper-16/1/1/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 16 1 1 Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The three handle attachments give : there are no one-handles or three-handles. Use the capped core disks of handles as the homology basis, ordered by the framing labels . The surgery linking matrix gives the intersection form. Orient the three components so that the outer components have linking number and the middle component has linking number with each outer component. There are six crossings between the outer components, and two crossings between the middle component and each outer component; counting their signs gives these linking numbers. Reversing a component changes the corresponding row and column signs and does not change the invariants.
Thus the intersection form isAn exact matrix congruence diagonalizes this intersection form toConsequently its signature is , and .
The long exact sequence in relative homology and Poincare-Lefschetz duality identifywith the intersection form matrix, and identify with its cokernel, since . The Smith normal form has first invariant factor , because the entries have greatest common divisor , and second invariant factor , because the upper-left two-by-two matrix minor has determinant . The last invariant factor is . Hence
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