 Solution

Right censoring occurs when a subject's exact failure time $T$ is unobserved but it is known that $T>C$, where $C$ is the censoring time. The observed pair is $U=\min (T,C)$ and $\Delta =1_{\{T\le C\}}$. For example, a living participant at study closure contributes a survival lower bound rather than a recorded death at closure. Right censoring differs from simply omitting the subject: time spent in the risk set remains informative.