Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2012/iii/paper-69/2/1/solution

The coefficients are those of the three-stage Lobatto IIIA method. Set , and . Direct calculation gives all eight fourth-order conditions for a Runge-Kutta method:
Powers of are componentwise. These Butcher order conditions prove order at least four for a smooth general nonlinear vector field; matching a scalar test equation alone would not suffice. A necessary fifth-order condition fails:
Hence the method has order exactly four, with one-step local truncation error and, under stability and smoothness hypotheses, global error .

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