Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2013/iii/paper-18/5/c/solution

An initial object by itself is a weakly initial set. For the converse, let be a small weakly initial family and form its product in a category . Given , choose an arrow ; its composite with the projection shows that is weakly initial.
Local smallness makes a set, so completeness supplies the simultaneous equalizer of all endomorphisms of with . Thus for every . The object is weakly initial because it maps to .
For parallel arrows , take their equalizer . Weak initiality of supplies . The endomorphism of satisfies , and monicity of gives . Therefore is both a monomorphism and a split epimorphism, hence an isomorphism. Since , we obtain . There is already at least one arrow from to every , so is initial. This proves the initial-object lemma for complete categories with a weakly initial set, with smallness used exactly where the endomorphisms are equalized.

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