Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2014/iii/paper-5/4/a/i/solution

Let . The sharper energy estimate uses the divergence structure of the viscous scalar conservation law. Multiply by and integrate over the line. With ,
because the decay makes tend to zero at both ends. Integration by parts in the diffusion term therefore gives
One may take , uniformly in . This does not require .
If a bound explicitly involving and is desired, retaining the transport term and using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the elementary inequality gives
The Gronwall inequality then gives the valid but weaker choice . The exact cancellation explains why its divergence is unnecessary.

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