Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2014/iii/paper-69/3/i/solution

Put . The Wirtinger derivatives give and . Write , where
Using the exterior derivative, . The terms involving and cancel, leaving
Because never vanishes for , if and only if . In real coordinates this is the modified Helmholtz equation with mass parameter , not . In fact any one nonzero spectral parameter suffices for the equivalence; the full family supplies many independent boundary tests.

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