Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2014/iii/paper-7/3/c/solution

Fix and set . The preceding integral estimate gives the result for one iterate. If for some the bound holds for , then
Taking yields exactly
The case uses the identity operator. This factorial bound for a Volterra iterate comes from time ordering, so no commutation between free transport and the collision projection is assumed.

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