Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2015/ia/paper-4/1e/b/solution

Write the composite number as , with . If , both and occur as distinct factors of the factorial , so their product divides that factorial.
If , then and implies . Both and are distinct factors in , because . Their product is , so again divides the factorial. Hence
The exception matters: its factorial is not divisible by . This argument handles perfect squares without incorrectly counting the same factor twice.

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