Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2015/iii/paper-5/2/6/solution

For a bounded self-adjoint operator, is orthogonal to its range exactly when for every , or equivalently . Consequently
This is image-kernel orthogonality for an adjoint. Taking the double orthogonal complement gives the closure; it does not assert that the range itself is closed.

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