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ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2016/ib/paper-1/9f/b/solution

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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2016 / ib / Paper 1 / 9F / b / Solution by Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-06
The definition of matrix multiplication gives
(1)
The middle equality uses commutativity of scalar multiplication in or , together with interchange of finite sums. Thus the trace is unchanged by cyclically moving the two factors.
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