Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2017/ia/paper-4/6d/d/solution

For each positive integer , consider the threshold set . If it were infinite, one could choose recursively a sequence of distinct elements from it. Every arithmetic average of that sequence would be at least , contradicting the assumed limit zero. Hence every is a finite set.
Every positive real number exceeds for some , by the Archimedean property. Therefore
A countable union of countable sets is countable, so . In fact, under the stipulated infinitude, is a countably infinite set. Positivity matters: it ensures that these thresholds cover . This is countability from vanishing averages of distinct sequences; ordinary Cesaro convergence of a sequence of one chosen enumeration would not suffice to control the whole set.

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