Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2017/iii/paper-103/4/b/solution

Put and take the subgroup permuting the first and last letters. Define the skew representation of a symmetric group as the multiplicity space
The last-letter copy of commutes with , so it acts on a map by . This gives a genuine -module, without claiming that the whole restricted module is itself the skew representation. Equivalently,
Fix a prefix tableau of shape and complete it to shape . Iterated restriction branching rule for a symmetric group identifies the multiplicity-space orthonormal basis with standard skew Young tableaux, using labels for the last cells. The Young orthogonal form restricts to this basis. When is standard and ,
An admissible interchange has , so its off-diagonal coefficient is nonzero. Consequently belongs to the group algebra span of . The preceding reduced-path argument reaches every standard skew tableau, so this span is the whole module. Every is a cyclic vector for a group representation. The inherited invariant inner product makes this a unitary representation.

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