Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/ib/paper-1/11f/b/solution

For distinct , convexity keeps the segment in . Continuity of makes
The fundamental theorem of calculus along a line segment gives
so . Thus is injective.
The bound makes invertible by the Neumann series. The inverse function theorem therefore makes locally open at every point, so is open.
Surjectivity need not hold: the identity map on a proper convex open set has proper image. Even for it can fail. In one dimension, satisfies , but its image is .

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