 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/ib/paper-1/19h/b/i/solution

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-03

With

Y = (Z_{1}, Z_{2}, Z_{3}, Z_{4} - 2 π)^{T}, θ = (θ_{1}, θ_{2}, θ_{3})^{T},

the model has

X = 100 - 1 010 - 1 001 - 1, Y = Xθ + ε .

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