Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/iii/paper-103/2/i/solution

Use the hook criterion in a beta set: for a finite beta set of a partition , each hook length is a difference with , and , and every such difference is a hook length.
A hook length therefore gives a bead and a gap . Along the progression
the first position is a bead and the last is a gap. Some adjacent positions are consequently a bead followed by a gap. Their difference is , so is a hook length. Similarly the progression from to in steps of gives a hook length . Every position used is nonnegative because it lies between and .
Thus the divisor closure of hook lengths yields
Neither nor needs to be a prime number.

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