Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/iii/paper-106/3/b/solution

By the Riesz-Markov-Kakutani representation theorem, the continuous dual space of is isometrically the space of finite regular Borel measures, signed for real scalars and complex for complex scalars:
Here is the variation measure, whose total mass is the total variation norm of a measure.
If in , evaluation at each gives . The Uniform boundedness principle also gives . For any , the dominated convergence theorem with respect to the finite positive measure yields
since pointwise and . Thus
The same proof works for complex squares, because the absolute-value domination remains valid.

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