Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-102/3/b/solution

Choose a positive system of a root system in which is a simple root; this is possible after applying an element of the Weyl group. Let be the highest root. Since the rank is greater than one, , and the maximality of implies that is not a root.
For , the -dimensional space centralizes . The line also centralizes , and . These independent spaces give
Hence a nonzero simple-root vector is not regular when .

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