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ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-121/1/i/b/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2019 iii Paper 121 1 i b Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-03
D. Downward absoluteness of cardinalhood holds because, if the larger transitive model sees no bijection with a smaller ordinal, neither can the smaller model, whose functions form only a subset of those in the larger model. Cardinalhood is not described by an upward absolute formula, because the larger model can contain a new bijection collapsing an ordinal that the smaller model regards as a cardinal number.
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