Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-218/3/e/solution

The fixed-effect correlation pattern changes only moderately after adding the player random intercept: the competition-B/competition-C correlation remains , rival S remains essentially orthogonal to those competition contrasts, and the largest changes involve correlations with the intercept. Thus the principal coefficient dependence comes from the fixed-effect coding and design, while player heterogeneity mainly changes the intercept-related uncertainty. The random effect is scientifically useful without materially changing which fixed contrasts are confounded.

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