Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-218/6/c/i/solution

Since is the sum of two independent centered Gaussian innovations,
For any nonzero ,
Expanding each expresses this as times a sum of squared innovation coefficients. If all coefficients vanished, the coefficient of the latest innovation gives , and backward induction gives every , a contradiction. Hence and the covariance matrix is positive definite.

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