Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2019/iii/paper-339/2/c/ii/solution

A fixed edge is monochromatic exactly when none of the hyperplanes separates its endpoints. Each hyperplane fails to cut it with probability at most , and the hyperplanes are independent. Therefore
Let count monochromatic edges. Applying linearity of expectation to these indicator random variables gives
Independence between different edges is unnecessary; only the independently sampled hyperplanes are used. The signs provide at most colors, whether or not every sign region is nonempty.

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