Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/ii/paper-1/37c/c/solution

Choose, for example,
The fields are perpendicular and satisfy , so both invariants vanish. Every nonzero constant background with vanishing invariants can be brought to this form by a spatial rotation, up to signs.
In this frame, and with a convention consistent with the relativistic Lorentz force, the mixed tensor is
Calling the displayed dimensionless matrix , direct multiplication gives
Consequently
This is a tensor equation. Since it holds in the canonical frame, it holds in every Lorentz frame for any null electromagnetic field.

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