Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/ii/paper-3/31a/a/solution

The second equation gives . The first then says either , giving the persistent equilibrium points and , or
giving and . These two points exist for .
At the origin the Jacobian matrix has trace and determinant , so it is stable for and a saddle point for . At the trace is and determinant , so it is stable for and a saddle for . Stationary bifurcations occur at
with the first two coinciding when .

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