Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/iii/paper-161/1/i/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 161 1 i Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
Let be the number of crossings in the drawing, placed in general position. Deleting at most one edge at each crossing leaves a planar graph, so the Euler formula for a connected planar graph gives
Now retain every vertex independently with probability , together with every edge whose endpoints survive. The expected numbers of retained vertices, edges and crossings are . Applying the preceding inequality to each sampled drawing and taking expectations givesBecause , choose . Thenand thereforeThus the Crossing lemma holds here with the absolute constant .
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