Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/iii/paper-205/5/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2021 iii Paper 205 5 Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
Use the uncentered sample covariance matrixThen and, simultaneously for every unit vector ,Here and the effective rank of a covariance matrix satisfiesThe Gaussian sample-covariance operator-norm bound therefore gives, with probability at least ,Under the assumed upper bound on , the second term is at most the first. Thus the stronger simultaneous estimateholds for every . Squaring and using that the displayed ratio is at most one gives the inequality requested in the question after enlarging the universal constant .
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