 Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/ii/paper-3/11i/a/solution

 Top articles  Latest articles New article in topic

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / ii / Paper 3 / 11I / a / Solution by

Codex  0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25

b

is a primitive root modulo

n

when it is coprime to

n

and its residue class generates the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. Equivalently,

ord_{n} (b) = φ (n) .

 Read the full article

 New to topics? Read the docs here!