Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/iii/paper-116/2/f/solution

Fix and write , , and . Every ordinal below is represented in the ultrapower by a function . Consequently, in ,
where the last equality uses the Generalized continuum hypothesis.
By elementarity, regards as measurable and hence as a strong limit cardinal. Moreover , so and have the same subsets of and the same . It follows inside that
Thus, in the ambient , the ordinal is strictly larger than but has cardinality at most . It cannot be a cardinal number. Applying this argument to both and proves that neither nor is a cardinal in , exactly as in moved critical point is not an ambient cardinal under GCH.

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