 Solution

For $L[A^a]=n^{\mu }{A}_{\mu }^a$, eliminating $B^a$ gives the axial gauge term $(n\cdot A^a{)}^2/(2\xi )$ and ghost operatorIn the strict $\xi \to 0$ gauge, $n\cdot A=0$. The gauge-field-dependent part of $n\cdot D$ then vanishes, the Faddeev-Popov determinant becomes field independent, and the ghosts decouple. The one-loop gluon propagator therefore receives the gluon bubble but no ghost bubble. As in the covariant gauge, the four-gluon tadpole can occur with a hard cutoff and vanishes as a scaleless integral in dimensional regularization. Gauge-invariant observables agree between the two gauges even though their individual propagators and diagrammatic decompositions differ.