Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/ii/paper-3/15d/a/solution

Apply the gates from left to right. The first Hadamard gate and the first controlled-NOT gate produce the Bell state
The parallel gates then produce
The final controlled-NOT has the lower qubit as control; it interchanges and , whose amplitudes here are equal. Thus the output is
By quantum measurement in the computational basis, every basis outcome has probability equal to the squared modulus of its amplitude:

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