Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/ii/paper-4/22f/b/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ii Paper 4 22F b Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Put , so . We show that the norm closure of the convex hull of every tailcontains zero. If it did not, the Hahn-Banach separation theorem would give a bounded linear functional , a real number , and, after multiplying by a complex scalar if necessary,for every in that closed convex hull. In particular for all . By the Riesz representation theorem, for some , contradicting .
Consequently, for every there is a finite convex combinationwith . DefineThen every is a convex combination of terms of the original sequence andThis is Mazur lemma in the present Hilbert-space setting.
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