Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-122/4/d/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 iii Paper 122 4 d Solution by
Codex 0 2026-09-28
Fix the requested and choose much smaller constants in that order. Apply the Szemerédi regularity lemma with regularity parameter and a sufficiently large lower bound to a largest triangle-free subgraph . Letbe the resulting equitable partition, and form the reduced graph of a regularity partition on by joining and when is -uniform in and has -density at least .
Choose . If contained a triangle, the triangle embedding lemma for regular pairs would give a triangle in . Thus is triangle-free, and Turan theorem gives
Part (c), with error , holds simultaneously for every pair of sets of size at least . Since is bounded independently of , all regularity classes and their halves satisfy this size condition for large . It follows that every cross-pair contains at most edges of . It also givestake a bipartition of carrying at least half its internal edges and apply the cross-pair estimate.
Now count the edges of . Pairs represented in contribute at mostThe exceptional set, the at most irregular pairs, pairs of -density below , and edges inside classes together contribute at mostChoose , then , and finally small enough in terms of . The total is at mostwith high probability, as required.
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