Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2023/iii/paper-124/1/ii/solution

In one standard form, the Håstad switching lemma says that if is a -DNF and is a random restriction that independently leaves each variable unset with probability and otherwise assigns it a uniform Boolean value, then
The dual statement exchanges DNF and CNF. Thus a small-width DNF becomes, with high probability, a shallow decision tree and hence a small-width CNF after a sufficiently sparse random restriction.

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